います/あります

N5

います/あります

imasu / arimasu

います/あります (polite existence)

N5

ふりがなを表示

漢字の上に読みを表示

説明

います and あります are polite verbs that mean “there is/are” or “to exist.” Use います for living things (people, animals) and あります for non-living things (objects, places, events). Key points: • います = living things (people, animals) • あります = non-living things (objects, places) • Often used with location particles に or には • Polite and very common in daily speech Example: “公園に犬がいます” means “There is a dog in the park.” “机の上に本があります” means “There is a book on the desk.” These verbs are also used to say you have something: “車があります” (I have a car) or “兄がいます” (I have an older brother). This is a natural way to express possession in Japanese. Remember: います is for living things, so people and animals. あります is for objects and places. This simple rule will help you choose the correct verb. Practice by looking around your room and making sentences about what exists and where it is.

構造

パターン
(Place に) + Noun が + います/あります
Place にLocation (optional)
: 公園に, 部屋に, 机の上に
Noun がThing that exists
: 犬が, 本が, 人が
います/ありますExistence (living/non-living)
: います, あります

1
公園に犬がいます。
Kouen ni inu ga imasu.
There is a dog in the park.
分解
公園park
location marker
dog
subject marker
いますexists (living)
注意: Living thing
2
机の上に本があります。
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book on the desk.
分解
desk
of
on
location marker
book
subject marker
ありますexists (non-living)
注意: Non-living thing
3
友だちがいます。
Tomodachi ga imasu.
I have a friend.
分解
友だちfriend
subject marker
いますexists (living)
注意: Possession (living)
4
車があります。
Kuruma ga arimasu.
I have a car.
分解
car
subject marker
ありますexists (non-living)
注意: Possession (non-living)

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