The plain present form (dictionary form) is used in casual speech and in many grammar patterns. It expresses present or future actions, just like the ます form, but it is less polite. Key points: • Plain present = dictionary form (行く, 食べる, 見る) • Used in casual conversation with friends/family • Also used before grammar like 〜と思います, 〜から (later) • Can express future with time words For example, “明日行く” means “I will go tomorrow.” “毎日食べる” means “I eat every day.” The time word tells you if it is present or future. The plain form is essential because many patterns require it. Even if you speak politely with ます, you still need to recognize plain forms when reading or listening. You can use the plain form with close friends, but be careful with strangers or teachers. Use ます form for polite situations. At N5, focus on understanding the plain present forms of common verbs. Once you recognize them, you can understand casual speech and build longer sentences later. Think of the plain form as the base you see in dictionaries. It is the starting point for many other forms.