〜ている expresses an ongoing action, similar to “am/is/are doing.” It is made by adding いる to the て-form of a verb. In polite speech, use 〜ています. Key points: • Verb て-form + いる/います • Describes actions happening now • Often translated as “is doing” • Some verbs describe a current state (like “住んでいます”) For example, “今、勉強しています” means “I am studying now.” The action is in progress. Another example: “友だちは東京に住んでいます” means “My friend lives in Tokyo.” Here, 住んでいます describes a continuing state. To form it, first make the て-form (食べて, 行って, 見て) and then add いる/います. For beginners, using the polite います form is safest: 食べています, 行っています, 見ています. Be aware that some verbs use 〜ている to show a result state rather than an action. For example, “結婚しています” means “(I am) married.” You will learn these gradually. Start with simple “now” sentences and add a time word like 今 to make the meaning clear.