に can mark the indirect object: the person who receives something or is affected by an action. It answers “to whom?” or “for whom?” This is different from に as a location or time marker. Key points: • Use に with verbs of giving: 先生に本をあげます • Use に with verbs like 会う (meet): 友だちに会います • It often appears with people, not things • It can show the target of an action or emotion For example, “私は先生に質問します” means “I ask the teacher a question.” The teacher is the person receiving the action. Another common pattern is with “あげます/もらいます,” where に marks who receives. Be careful not to confuse this with に for location. The same particle is used, but the meaning changes based on the verb. If the verb is about giving, meeting, or contacting, に usually marks the person involved. As a beginner, remember this simple pattern: Person に + Verb (of giving/meeting). This helps you say who your action is directed toward. When you learn more verbs, check whether the action is directed at a person. If so, に is often the right choice. This makes sentences like “電話します” and “教えます” clear and polite.