います/あります

N5

います/あります

imasu / arimasu

います/あります (polite existence)

N5

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Explicación

います and あります are polite verbs that mean “there is/are” or “to exist.” Use います for living things (people, animals) and あります for non-living things (objects, places, events). Key points: • います = living things (people, animals) • あります = non-living things (objects, places) • Often used with location particles に or には • Polite and very common in daily speech Example: “公園に犬がいます” means “There is a dog in the park.” “机の上に本があります” means “There is a book on the desk.” These verbs are also used to say you have something: “車があります” (I have a car) or “兄がいます” (I have an older brother). This is a natural way to express possession in Japanese. Remember: います is for living things, so people and animals. あります is for objects and places. This simple rule will help you choose the correct verb. Practice by looking around your room and making sentences about what exists and where it is.

Estructura

Patrón
(Place に) + Noun が + います/あります
Place にLocation (optional)
Ejemplos: 公園に, 部屋に, 机の上に
Noun がThing that exists
Ejemplos: 犬が, 本が, 人が
います/ありますExistence (living/non-living)
Ejemplos: います, あります

Ejemplos

Ejemplo 1
公園に犬がいます。
Kouen ni inu ga imasu.
There is a dog in the park.
Desglose
公園park
location marker
dog
subject marker
いますexists (living)
Nota: Living thing
Ejemplo 2
机の上に本があります。
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book on the desk.
Desglose
desk
of
on
location marker
book
subject marker
ありますexists (non-living)
Nota: Non-living thing
Ejemplo 3
友だちがいます。
Tomodachi ga imasu.
I have a friend.
Desglose
友だちfriend
subject marker
いますexists (living)
Nota: Possession (living)
Ejemplo 4
車があります。
Kuruma ga arimasu.
I have a car.
Desglose
car
subject marker
ありますexists (non-living)
Nota: Possession (non-living)

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