The past form of い-adjectives is used to describe something that was true in the past. To make the past, change the final い to かった. Key points: • い-adjective past: い → かった • Add です for politeness: 高かったです • Works for descriptions in the past • Same form for all い-adjectives For example, “暑い” (hot) becomes “暑かった” (was hot). “楽しい” (fun) becomes “楽しかった” (was fun). You can use time words to make it clear: “昨日は寒かったです” means “It was cold yesterday.” Remember that い-adjectives already contain the “be” meaning, so you just change the ending. You do not add でした to the adjective itself. Practice by changing common adjectives: おいしい → おいしかった, 大きい → 大きかった, 安い → 安かった.